Opinon: The EU struggles to place Syrian refugees

By Ines Kagubare     

It’s been more than five years since the Civil War in Syria began during the Arab Spring uprisings. Unlike other countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya who successfully overthrew their dictators, Syria has been unable to depose its current leader, Bashar al-Assad. Instead the revolt has led to a refugee crisis that’s now spreading throughout the region and across Europe.

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Syrian president Bashar al-Assad. Courtesy of Wikimedia.

More than 1,000,000 refugees and migrants are currently seeking asylum in the European Union. Before I go on, let’s make a distinction between refugees and migrants. Refugees are fleeing their country of origin usually because of war or a natural disaster whereas migrants are choosing to settle in another country for economic opportunities.

Syrians make up one of the largest populations of refugees seeking asylum. Most of them are fleeing their country to escape the Assad regime and the ongoing violence caused by Muslim extremist groups like ISIS. According to Eurostat, “Syrians accounted for almost a third [of refugees] with 362,775 people seeking shelter in Europe, followed by Afghans and Iraqis.” According to the IOM, roughly 1,011,700 migrants arrived by sea while 34,900 arrived by land in 2015. Those arriving by sea usually cross the Mediterranean from Africa to Italy or Greece. While those arriving by land usually pass through Turkey from the Middle East to Europe. More than 3,770 migrants died trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, according to IOM.

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Syrian refugees strike in front of Budapest Keleti railway station. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

The European Union has tried to implement refugee-friendly policies that would make it easier for refugees to receive asylums. According to the BBC and Eurostat data, “Germany received the highest amount of new asylum applications (higher than any other EU nation) in 2015, with more than 476,000”. They were closely followed by Hungary and Sweden in numbers.

Although it seems that the EU is taking a step in the right direction in terms of helping refugees find new homes, they haven’t taken as many migrants as countries such as Italy, Greece, and Hungary. Since these  are the first nations where migrants arrive by sea and land, they have incurred more people hoping to find refuge than other countries. The EU is planning to relocate 160,000 migrants to some of its nations that have fewer refugees in order to lessen the burden of countries that have an abundance of them.

The new EU refugee policy hasn’t come without controversy or backlash from far-right groups across Europe such as Pegida, Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West, who portray refugees and migrants as “invaders.” They believe that refugees settling in Germany will take over and destroy their culture. They have been very critical of German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s decision of granting asylum to more than 100,000 refugees.

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German Chancellor Angela Merkel. Courtesy of Wikimedia.

As of 2015, the EU has granted 292,540 asylums to refugees mostly coming from Syria, Eritrea, Iraq and Afghanistan.

 

Israeli soldiers share their stories

By Lily Cusack

Precursor: The last names of the two soldiers in this article were not released in order to protect their families in Israel.

Fighting in a war is a scary concept for many, but in Israel, it’s a reality; all civilians are put into the draft at birth.

“It’s not one of the American wars where you can go fight very, very far from home,” Idan, an Israeli soldier, says. “I had soldiers in my company. They live across the road.”

On Feb. 17, two Israeli soldiers told an audience in Stotler Lounge how they gave up their teenage lives to fight in a war right outside their windows. Sagie and Idan were drafted to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in their late teens to help ease Israeli-Palestinian tensions.

The event was put on by Students Supporting Israel, a pro-Israel group that attempts to educate about Israeli culture and history. Members of the group believes that it’s essential for students to know how different people across the world live.

“It shows you a first-person glance of what it’s like to be an Israeli, to be a part of their world,” Vice President Hannah Turner says. “I think the best way that you can learn about a place and learn about their people is to hear it from their mouths.”

The speech featured two soldiers in reserves: Sagie, a 27-year-old student studying Law and Business from Kfar Saba, Israel, and Idan, a 29-year-old student studying Middle East Studies and International Studies from Karmiel, Israel. Both shared their separate stories of how they got into the army and what they did while serving.

Sagie started his story by describing his childhood dream: to be a basketball player.

“Back then, my dream was to break the barrier and become the first Israeli player in the NBA,” Sagie says.

However, a childhood tragedy quickly changed his mind. During the Second Intifada from 2000 to 2005, Palestinians staged an uprising against Israel. There were more than 140 terrorist attacks and more than 1,000 deaths.

On Nov. 4, 2002, a suicide attack took place in Canyon Arim Mall in Kfar Saba, very close to where Sagie lived.

“Try to imagine, I was sitting in front of the television watching the news, and I can’t believe I can go out on my balcony and see everything because I live close to the mall,” Sagie said.

Two people were killed in the attack, including Sagie’s friend Gaston.

“I found myself, as a teenager, sitting in front of Gaston’s parents with all my basketball friends. We didn’t know what to say,” Sagie says. “That was the day I was forced to grow up.”

He decided to extend his army service by five years and continues to serve in the reserves today. Serving in the reserves means he might have to drop his life and studies at a moment’s notice to fight for the IDF.

This happened in 2006 when Sagie was drafted to serve in the Second Lebanon War. He was dropped in a village right outside the Gaza Strip.

A few hours later, he was sent to join the artillery rocket team. They were preparing to shoot the rocket to the Palestinian side when they were told to stop. Some Palestinian kids were seen playing in the target site.

“They’re educating us to become moral, especially as an officer, because I need, in the future, to teach my soldiers how to behave properly, how to use the weapon in the right way,” Sagie says.

Idan joined the army in 2004, during a tumultuous time in Israeli history. Most of his duties in the beginning of his career involved guarding the border to ensure that terrorists did not enter the country.

“Every couple of days, there was a terrorist attack in one of the big cities in Israel or around the borders.”

One of his first missions of his service came in 2005 during the Israeli disengagement. Israel decided to withdraw from the Gaza Strip to initiate the peace process with the Palestinians. Although many citizens admired the more than 10,000 Israelis who lived in the regions, the IDF had to go in and force them out of their homes.

“We hoped this major gesture, this major sacrifice of the Israelis, the Palestinians would understand that,” Idan says. “They would take that and try to make progress toward peace.”

The plan did not work, and in 2006, Hamas, a violent terrorist organization, took over the Gaza Strip.

“The Hamas control over Gaza gave them a lot of opportunities to shoot rockets and to make terror attacks on the Israeli settlements around the Gaza Strip,” Idan says.

In 2009, Israel decided to enter the First Gaza War to take back the Gaza Strip from Hamas.

“We went to the exact same places we just left four years ago, which we gave them in order to make peace with them,” Idan says. “Unfortunately, I lost some very close friends of mine trying to take back some of the same places we just left.”

The fighting tactics of Hamas was often at the expense of civilians. They would put missile launchers in villages and towns, force the IDF to go into these towns and then use civilians as “human shields” while they shot at the soldiers.

One night, Idan received a covert mission to go into a town to take down the terrorists shooting rockets out of a building.

For many of the soldiers in his company, this location hit close to home.

They were secured outside the building and were ready to take the terrorists down, but Idan had to stop and think through his decisions. He knew that there might be civilians who had been taken hostage by the terrorists, and destroying the building would mean killing the civilians as well.

“We know that there is a big possibility of civilians inside [this] building. We can do nothing,” Idan says.

Idan decided to take one of his infantry platoons inside the house. They had a short battle with three terrorists, in which all of the terrorists were killed. It was not until the next morning that Idan found out he helped around 30 civilians escape the house.

“My rules of engagement is my weakness in the army, but it’s my point of strength in society, and I’m very proud of that,” Idan says.

Although they have done a lot with the army already, Sagie’s and Idan’s work with the IDF is far from over. Right now, they are trying to deal with terrorist organizations drafting teenagers into their ranks.

“We can be the strongest soldiers ever, but it’s not easy to fight teenagers,” Idan says. “We are not prepared for that.”

 

News Roundup Jan. 25-31

By Lily Cusack

Trump Boycotts Republican Debate

GOP Frontrunner Donald Trump announced Tuesday, Jan. 26, that he would not participate in Thursday’s debate hosted by Fox News,according to The Guardian. Trump’s decision came after he learned that Megyn Kelly, whom he clashed with during the first debate, would again help moderate this debate. Kelly questioned Trump about his past statements regarding women, to which he responded that “there was blood coming out of her whatever.” Trump eventually decided to not attend the debate when a press release mocked him for considering skipping it because of Kelly. It read, “We learned from a secret back channel that the Ayatollah and Putin both intend to treat Donald Trump unfairly when they meet with him if he becomes president – a nefarious source tells us that Trump has his own secret plan to replace the Cabinet with his Twitter followers to see if he should even go to those meetings.” Reuters reported that Fox News drew the second lowest ratings out of the seven Republican debates on Thursday without Trump. Meanwhile, Trump held his own rally in Iowa for charity at the same time as the debate.

Republican Presidential Candidate Donald Trump boycotted the Republican debate on Jan. 28, which was hosted by Fox News. Courtesy of Wikimedia

Russia Violates Turkey’s Airspace Near Syria

A Russian jet flew into Turkish airspace near Syria’s border on Friday, January 29, according to BBC News. Turkey has said that Russia ignored numerous warnings made in Russian and English before committing the violation. Russia has denied that the jet crossed into Syrian territory and has said that no warnings were made, calling Turkey’s statements “baseless propaganda.” Russia has been carrying out airstrikes against those fighting the current Syrian government since September. Tensions between Turkey and Russia have been high since Turkey shot down a Russian jet in November. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has asked to meet with Vladimir Putin multiple times, but Putin refuses. Erdogan says that Russia would face consequences if they continue to violate their airspace.

Russia was accused of violating Turkish airspace near the Syrian border on Jan. 29. Courtesy of Wikipedia

Migrant Boat Capsizes Near Turkish Coast

A boat carrying migrants capsized on Saturday, January 30. According to The New York Times, the boat left Ayvacik, a Turkish resort town, on Saturday morning and capsized on rocks shortly thereafter, eventually washing up on the Turkish coast. 37 people, including 10 children, died. Most of the migrants are thought to have been Syrian refugees fleeing from the war. On Friday, the International Organization for Migration reported that in January alone, 218 people attempting to reach the Greek islands on their way to other European countries, had drowned in the Aegean Sea. More than 24 others have died off the coast of Italy.

A boat leaving from Ayvacik, Turkey, which was carrying mostly Syrian refugees washed up on the Turkish coast of after crashing on Jan. 30. Courtesy of Wikimedia

 

Health Officials Announce a Special Meeting Concerning Zika Virus

Health officials announced on Sunday, Jan. 31, that they would hold a meeting next week to decide if they should declare an international health emergency due to the outbreak of the Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere, AP reported. Officials have stated that the mosquito-borne virus is now active in more than 20 countries, and they expect the possible amount of infections to rise to 3 to 4 million in the Americas over the next year. The virus is thought to be linked to microcephaly, a rare birth defect that causes unusually small heads in babies when pregnant women contract the virus. Only mild symptoms have been reported for those that are not pregnant. The disease was first discovered in 1947 in Africa, but it has since caused global concern after an outbreak was reported in Brazil last year. Brazil has stated that there are an estimated 1 million infections by now. There is currently no treatment or vaccine.

Health officials are set to meet next week to discuss the alarming outbreak of the Zika virus, a mosquito-borne disease that causes birth defects, which has recently been of concern in the Western Hemisphere. Courtesy of Wikimedia 

 

Damascus Bombings Cause Concern Amid Syrian Talks

A triple bombing claimed by the Islamic State occurred just outside Damascus, the Syrian capital, on Sunday, January 31, according to AP. The Syrian Foreign Ministry has reported that at least 50 people have been killed, with more than 100 wounded. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that 25 of those killed were “pro-government Shiite fighters.” ISIS fighters first set off a car bomb at a bus stop and then underwent  two suicide bombings while rescuers reached the scene. These bombings come during UN-hosted peace talks in Geneva regarding the Syrian Civil War, which began Friday. The meetings are attempting to negotiate an 18-month timeline to fix the political system in Syria. The main opposition group, the Higher Negotiations Committee, boycotted the first of the talks until their preliminary demands were met, which include releasing detainees, ending the warfare against civilians and eliminating government blockades on rebel-held areas.

A triple-bombing outside of the Syrian capital Damascus on Jan. 31 comes amid U.N.-hosted peace talks regarding the Syrian Civil War. Courtesy of Wikipedia

Global News Roundup: Jan. 4 – Jan. 10

By Shy Hardiman

  1. Scores of People Die in Police Academy Bombing
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Libya. Courtesy of Wikimedia.

60 people died after a bomb went off at a Libyan police academy on Thursday. 200 more recruits were injured by the terrorist attack, for which the Islamic State quickly claimed responsibility. Thursday’s event comes after a series of attempts by Muslim extremists to expand their presence in North Africa by exploiting the nation’s instability.

  1. Chinese Stocks Doing Poorly in the New Year
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Chinese trading room.  Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Chinese stocks plummeted on Thursday causing the economy’s shortest trading day in 25 years. The low stocks created international upset with share prices decreasing dramatically in Europe and other parts of Asia. China’s currency experienced a sharp devaluation in the midst of the stock dive, which has resulted in a lot of questioning of the market’s future.

  1. North Korea Reports Use of H-Bomb
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North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un. Courtesy of Flickr.

North Korean officials said they successfully tested their first hydrogen bomb on Wednesday. According to statements released from the isolated country’s government, the H-bomb was created to protect against possible U.S. aggression. Speculation on whether the nuclear arsenal was in fact detonated or even exists has still not been confirmed.

  1. Sunni-Shiite Tensions Continue to Grow

After Saudi Arabia cut off diplomatic ties with Iran, tensions between the two countries continued to grow on Monday. Saudi officials released a statement warning that they would cease air travel and trading with Iran. The rift came after the execution of a Shiite cleric by Saudi authorities and will persist, according to Saudi officials, until Iranians stop sending fighters to stage attacks.

  1. Possible Drug-Gang Connection in the Murder of Mexican Mayor

Gisela Mota, the mayor of the Mexican city Temixco, was killed on Sunday, just one day after assuming office.  Two suspects were killed in connection with the murder, and three others, including a minor, have been taken into custody. Mota’s death comes in the wake of multiple murders of Mexican officials in territories that are heavily populated with drug gangs.

 

UK Border Control Measures Grow Amid Syrian Refugee Crisis

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By Sam Rossi

Hungary shut down its Budapest train station in order to curb migrant travel on Sept. 1. Hundreds of migrants looking to travel onward into Western Europe were forced out of the large terminal in Hungary’s capital city. These migrants, most looking for refuge from the war in Syria, were planning on traveling to Germany. Refugees who had already boarded trains out of Hungary refused to exit, suffering through intense heat and little food or water. According to one report, the chaotic scene in the train included people intensely holding on to handles in order to prevent police from forcibly removing them. As of now, only trains headed to other Hungarian stations, as well as Vienna, Austria, are being allowed to leave the station in Budapest.

This is cause for concern for thousands of immigrants seeking refuge from the horrors of the civil war in Syria. Before Sept. 1, these refugees were allowed to move freely through Hungary to Germany, even without proper documentation. But now, Hungarian authorities have gone back on that policy and no longer allow immigrants without documentation to access the trains in Hungary traveling toward Western Europe. Representatives from MAV, the Hungarian state railways system, released a statement that says they have decided to no longer offer direct trains from Budapest to Western Europe for unspecified “safety reasons.”

One reason that Hungary decided to close its stations might be pressure from other nations in the European Union, which are having difficulty dealing with the sudden increase in migrants that are reaching Western Europe through Hungary. According to the International Organization for Migration, “over 332,000 migrants have arrived in Western Europe so far in 2015.” The European Union is looking for new ways to fairly distribute refugees coming from Syria and other war-torn areas, but until then, this immigration issue will continue to go on.

Along with closing train stations, Hungary also erected a large 110-mile fence along its border with Serbia in order to curb the influx of illegal immigrants seeking refuge in Western Europe. Viktor Orban, Hungarian Prime Minister, announced that the reason for the fence was that his country “does not want to take in large numbers of Muslims.” Hungary has a long-standing history with immigration that dates back as early as the 16th and 17th centuries during the reign of the Ottoman Empire.

So what does this mean to Eastern European immigrants and refugees? Well, hundreds of refugees are now stranded in Hungary after spending every dollar they had on train tickets. They are still waiting at the station, hoping for a reopening of the trains, all while repeatedly chanting, “Germany! Germany!” Many other migrants traveled on to Vienna, Austria by train, but even then, authorities in Austria stopped the trains near the border shared with Hungary to check the refugees’ papers. Those who were deemed illegal immigrants were sent back to refugee processing facilities in Budapest or other refugee camps scattered across Hungary.

Although there are differing opinions on the asylum policy changes in Western Europe, it is an issue that persists in Europe. As of now, the European Union has come up with an idea to relocate roughly 160,000 total immigrants throughout Western Europe. This proposal was ratified at the “Eastern Mediterranean – Western Balkans Route Conference” held by the EU on Oct. 8.

If you are interested in helping out refugees and their families, check out these websites:

http://dss.mo.gov/fsd/refug.htm

http://cccnmo.org/services/refugee-and-immigration-services/

http://www.refugees.org/our-work/refugee-resettlement/?referrer=https://www.google.com/

Local Lens on the Middle East in Transition: Egypt

by Brandon Jackson

Ahmed Abdelgawad, a student from Egypt studying at Mizzou, said he remains optimistic about his country’s transition to democracy.

Egypt, the most populous country in the Arab world, possesses a rich history and has proven to be a dependable ally for the United States in the region. Since the beginning of the Arab Spring, it has undergone a dramatic change.

After the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak’s government in 2011, Egypt was ruled by the formidable military for 18 months before President Mohammed Morsi was sworn into office.

The military had a tight grip on power and made sure that they continued to do so even after the president was sworn in. Morsi transferred the full executive and legislative power from the military to himself. Morsi also forced 70 other generals in the armed forces to retire, appointed a new defense minister and started on a different economic path.

The country passed a new constitution in December but protests have continued.

A multitude of lawsuits questioned the composition of the constituent assembly. There were arguments that the panel doesn’t truly reflect the diversity of Egyptian society.

“I think the people they chose are unfit for the job to make the constitution because they aren’t specialists,” Abdelgawad said. “The took out the people who specialized in foreign affairs and international law to appoint people because they are in the dominant party, the Muslim Brotherhood, and that’s no way to start fresh.”

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Local Lens on the Middle East in Transition: Libya

by Brandon Jackson

Youssef Tayasa, the owner of Casablanca and an immigrant from Libya, has closely observed the changes in his home country.

He said the country’s transition is fragile and will take time. I spoke with him about the situation there both before and after the fall of Moammar Gadhafi.

“The problem is something democracy can’t handle right now,” Tayasa said.

As a socialized American citizen, I didn’t know how to respond to those words.

Tayasa is from Benghazi and came to the University of Missouri because he had to get away from Moammar Gadhafi’s rule. He said he didn’t want to end up getting drafted and dying in a war that he didn’t believe in, and he didn’t know where he’d end up if he stayed in Libya. Tayasa holds a doctorate in civil engineering from MU.

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